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Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA)
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Permanently tacky adhesive forming bonds under light pressure with no heat, water, or solvent.
Base Polymer
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Primary elastic polymer backbone determining strength, flexibility, and temperature performance.
Tackifier
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Resin additive enhancing surface wetting, initial stickiness, and flow behavior of the adhesive.
Plasticizer
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Low-molecular additive softening the polymer and reducing viscosity for better coating and flexibility.
Filler
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Particulate additives improving reinforcement, opacity, cost efficiency, and environmental resistance.
Antioxidant
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Additive preventing adhesive degradation from heat, oxygen, and UV exposure.
Backing Material (Carrier)
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Web material supporting the PSA layer, providing strength, flexibility, and handling properties.
Release Liner
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Silicone-coated protective layer preventing premature adhesion before application.
Primer
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Surface treatment improving bonding between adhesive and backing or substrate.
Adhesive Transfer Tape
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Adhesive-only construction transferred from a release liner without a permanent backing.
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Natural Rubber PSA
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High-tack elastomer system with low cost but limited heat, UV, and chemical resistance.
Acrylic Adhesive
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Polar polymer adhesive offering strong aging, UV resistance, and high-temperature stability.
Silicone Adhesive
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High-performance adhesive bonding difficult substrates and functioning across extreme temperatures.
Block Copolymer
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Polymer with hard–soft block phases providing balanced tack, cohesion, and processability.
Hot Melt PSA (HMPSA)
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100% solid adhesive applied molten and cooled to form a tacky film.
Solvent-Based PSA
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Adhesive dissolved in solvent for coating, requiring drying to remove VOCs.
Emulsion PSA (Latex/Dispersion)
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Water-based adhesive system dried after coating for environmentally safer processing.
UV-Curing PSA
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Reactive adhesive solidified through ultraviolet light–induced polymerization or cross-linking.
Cross-linking
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Chemical bonding between polymer chains increasing cohesive strength and temperature resistance.
Coating Weight
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Mass of adhesive per unit area determining thickness, contact, and functional performance.
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Tack (Initial Stickiness)
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Adhesive’s ability to form instant bond under light pressure and short contact time.
Peel Adhesion
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Force required to remove adhesive from a surface at controlled angle and speed.
Cohesion (Internal Strength)
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Internal adhesive strength resisting splitting and deformation under stress.
Shear Strength
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Adhesive’s ability to withstand forces parallel to the bond line.
Wetting (Wettability)
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Adhesive’s capacity to spread on a surface to maximize contact area.
Surface Energy
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Substrate’s surface property governing wetting and adhesion effectiveness.
Substrate
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Material surface to which the adhesive is applied and bonded.
Bond Strength
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Overall force required to separate two adhered materials.
Dwell Time
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Time allowed for adhesive–substrate contact before testing or load application.
Open Time
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Period during which adhesive remains tacky enough to form a bond.
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Viscoelasticity
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Combination of solid-like elasticity and fluid-like flow in polymer behavior.
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
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Temperature range where polymer transitions from glassy to rubbery state.
Storage Modulus (G′)
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Elastic energy stored, indicating stiffness and cohesive strength.
Loss Modulus (G″)
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Viscous energy dissipated, indicating flow and wetting capability.
Complex Modulus (G)*
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Total stiffness combining elastic and viscous responses under deformation.
Tan Delta (δ)
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Ratio of G″ to G′ indicating balance between flow and elasticity.
Dahlquist Criterion
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Requirement that PSA’s G′ < 3×10⁵ Pa for adequate tack at application.
Time-Temperature Superposition (TTS)
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Principle linking temperature changes to equivalent shifts in viscoelastic timescale.
Relaxation Time (τ)
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Time required for a stressed polymer to relax or dissipate energy.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
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Technique measuring viscoelastic properties across frequencies and temperatures.
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Physical Adsorption Theory
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Adhesion occurs through molecular forces when surfaces contact closely.
Mechanical Interlocking Theory
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Adhesive flows into surface irregularities, strengthening mechanical grip.
Electrostatic Attraction Theory
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Adhesion enhanced by electrical charges forming at the interface.
Adhesive Failure
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Separation at adhesive–substrate interface due to poor wetting or compatibility.
Cohesive Failure
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Break within adhesive layer from insufficient internal strength.
Substrate Failure
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Failure within the material being bonded, not the adhesive layer.
Interfacial Failure
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Break at chemically weakened interface caused by environmental reactions.
Cold Flow
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Slow adhesive deformation or oozing under long-term static load.
Plasticization
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Softening from migrating oils or solvents reducing cohesive strength.
Accelerated Aging
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Testing method simulating long-term environmental exposure in shorter time.
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PSTC Standards
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Industry methods defining measurement procedures for PSA performance.
180° Peel Test
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Measures peel force with adhesive removed directly back on itself.
90° Peel Test
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Measures peel force at right angle, common for rigid substrates.
Loop Tack Test
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Measures instantaneous tack using a looped tape contacting a panel.
Probe Tack Test
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Measures tack by pulling a controlled probe from adhesive surface.
Rolling Ball Tack
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Assesses quick stick based on rolling distance of a steel ball.
Static Shear Test
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Measures long-term holding power under constant load.
Dynamic Shear Test
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Measures immediate shear strength through rapid joint failure.
Tensile Strength (Breaking Strength)
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Maximum force required to elongate and break the tape.
Shear Adhesion Failure Temperature (SAFT)
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Temperature at which adhesive fails under constant shear load.
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Glossary
